Child Labor During A Nike Factory - 3612 Words

CHILD LABOR IN A NIKE FACTORY IN PAKISTAN Sumiah Alharbi 04/06/15 H.T Law 791 Prof. Sarah Buel Abstract This paper especially focuses on the problem of Child Labor in Pakistan with respect to the case of the world-renowned sports brand Nike and its use of children in its factories in Pakistan. A set of laws that can be established to eradicate this evil from Pakistan have been elaborated upon in the paper, these proposals include the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General Assembly, International Criminal Court (ICC), penalty laws for businesses practicing child labor, system to inspect workplaces for child labor and holding employers responsible for the education of the employed children. The recommendations section of the paper deals with methods beside laws that can aid in the eradication of child labor and includes negative publicity, introducing a rating mechanism and dealing with competing (and ethically more sound) organizations. Outline: I. Introduction: A. Thesis statement: Because child labor is practiced in Pakistan at a Nike factory, I propose the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General Assembly, International Criminal Court (ICC), and negative publicity to mitigate the problem. II. Analyses the problem: A. Child Trafficking affects children in several ways including: 1. It harms the child 2. Some children workShow MoreRelatedChild Labor During A Nike Factory1666 Words   |  7 PagesCHILD LABOR IN A NIKE FACTORY IN PAKISTAN Abstract This paper especially focuses on the problem of Child Labor in Pakistan with respect to the case of the world-renowned sports brand Nike and its use of children in its factories in Pakistan. A set of laws that can be established to eradicate this evil from Pakistan have been elaborated upon in the paper, these proposals include the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General AssemblyRead MoreUnethical Business Practice: Nike1499 Words   |  6 Pages The role of the government also plays a major role in these challenges that are faced by Nike. As we know that government laws and regulations differ from country to country and this makes manufacturing of products very difficult challenge for the international companies like Nike. The host governments have laws concerns against consumer protection, information and labeling, employment, wages and salaries and safety of the workers who work in those firms. The international organizations must keepRead MoreNike Business Case Study1380 Words   |  6 PagesEven though every company should act ethically correct, not everyone does and Nike is a great example of that. Nike is a company who grew fast and looked for a cheap way to manufacture their products, by manufacturing overseas. Nike had a strong start but when people started protesting the company and their name was being dragged, they acted fast to recover to be the huge business they are today. Background The company Nike was founded in 1962 by Stanford University business graduate, Philip KnightRead MoreNike Positive And Negative Effects Of Globalization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Promises and Perils of the Globalization of Nike Globalization involves global interaction and cooperation between individuals, corporations, countries and their governments. As demand for products grows and the technology it takes to improve the process by which products can be manufactured more cheaply grows, globalization grows as well. It is supported by advancements in technology. These changes can have both short-term and lasting effects on issues surrounding economics, politics, the environmentRead MoreNike: a Multinational Company in China Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesNike: A Multinational Company in China Nike is one of the largest athletic shoe brands in the world and sells millions of shoes and clothing each year. The company was founded on January 25, 1964 by a University of Oregon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowermanas. It was first named Blue Ribbon Sports and it officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978 (Nike). As a multinational company, it operates retail stores domestically and overseas and all of the products it sells are manufacturedRead MoreAdidas Referee Kits For International Association Teams1035 Words   |  5 Pageswas named World Cup and it too remains on the market, timeless and iconic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adidas has been criticized for operating sweatshops, particularly in Indonesia. Many of its suppliers that supported unions for subcontractors with less reputable labor rights records were rejected by Adidas between 2006 and 2007. Adidas was also criticized for being racist. a picture of a pair of Jeremy Scott-designed shoes containing shackles was posted on june 14,2012 by Adidas on their facebook page   . The pictureRead MoreNike : Managing Ethical Organization1288 Words   |  6 PagesNike: Managing Ethical Missteps- Sweatshops to Leadership in Employment Practices Founded in 1972, Nike is one of the world’s leading distributors of sporting equipment and apparel. The company faces stiff competition from brands such as Reebok and Adidas and must keep their prices low to remain competitive. Nike’s business model involves keeping production costs low as possible by outsourcing to foreign countries and using their high profit margins to invest in research and designRead MoreNike: Cross-Cultural Perspective889 Words   |  4 PagesCross-cultural perspective Nike Nike is among organizations that are known globally. The headquarters of Nike are in Beaverton, Oregon and it has expanded to other countries in order for them to reach the markets which are untapped so that they can increase their profit margins. For a very long time now the organization has been sourcing its labor from other countries. This is because just as other corporations Nike is escaping the strict regulations which the United States gives them. They easilyRead MoreNike Is A Public Relations Catastrophe1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbrand in today’s market, Nike has a built an athletic empire with the help of world famous spokespersons like Michael Jordan, LeBron James, and Serena Williams. Their innovative technology and unique designs have inspired generations of athletes, to go beyond their limits and put their bodies to the test. For this reason, a basketball player and resistance trainer like myself invested in a pair of Nike Kobe 8 Elites, to provide me with the pr oper traction and support during my strenuous physical activityRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Nike1327 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will discuss the company Nike. Nike has had many ethical issues, which will be addressed. The ethical dilemmas that Nike faced will be evaluated under two ethical frameworks. The whistleblower part that was played in exposing Nike will be analyzed. This paper will evaluate whether Nike used marketing or public relations successfully when trying to repair the damage caused by the reported lapse in ethics. The company Nike operates in over 50 different companies. This

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte - 980 Words

Presently, society is constructed in such a way that the upper class and the lower class cannot work to change places unless they are extremely fortunate. The ladder of society has always existed in this manner, and many authors have chosen to explore what pushing the constraints of a set society will do. In Wuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Brontà «, the social constraints of the community in which the characters live, are constantly being pushed as the characters change social classes, through marriage and hard work, and in the treatment of other characters. The actions are often motivated by a superficial impression; many interactions between the characters are based on the influence of social classes, and the changes that shift the characters from one social class to another which Brontà « occurs as an overlaying theme in the story. Brontà « illustrates the differences in the classes using the literary devices of imagery, symbols, dialogue, and irony. A change in the social class for a certain character leads to a change in the interactions with that character. The descriptions used in the story distinguish the appearance of one class from another. â€Å"He is a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman: that is as much a gentleman as many a country squire (Chapter 1).† Heathcliff is rich and is perceived to be a gentleman, which is in contrast to his past as a ward of the country, and as a servant. In his past, Heathcliff is brought home by Mr. Earnshaw, andShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1521 Words   |  7 Pages  Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontà « s only novel. Written between October 1845 and June 1846, Wuthering Heights was published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell; Brontà « died the following year, aged 30. Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontà « s Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte s novel, Jane Eyre. After Emily s death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumousRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1290 Words   |  5 Pagesusually by retaliating in kind or degree† (â€Å"revenge†) however to Heathcliff it meant more than just to avenge himself he wanted to have everything he felt he rightfully deserved and more. Social class and revenge, are primary themes in the novel Wuthering Heights. Social class plays a considerable part in the lives and loves of the charters in the novel. Revenge is key element in the book, this twisted theme creates the whole plot line. â€Å"Children develop a strong interest in the world around them by theRead MoreWuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «1865 Words   |  8 Pagesdevilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when it was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love,† (Stoneman 1). The novel containsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1936 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Bronte is one of the most admired and favorable written works in English literature. When the novel was published in the year 1847, it sold very poorly and only received a minimum amount of reviews. Although the novel does not contain any sexual relations or bloodshed, it is considered to be inappropriate due to its portrayal of an unconstrained love and cruelty. Wuthering Heights is formed on the Gothic tradition in the late 18th century, which consists of supern aturalRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte553 Words   |  2 PagesWuthering Heights: Good vs. Evil Emily Bronte’s classical literary masterpiece, Wuthering Heights, can more or less be viewed as a struggle between conventional, civilized human behavior, as well as the wild, anarchistic side that each of us humans possess, although subtly. Bronte’s piece can be summed up by the â€Å"good vs. evil† elements that include Wuthering Heights as opposed to Thrushcross Grange, Heathcliff vs. Edgar, and much more. These elemental set points lead to the conclusion that WutheringRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte885 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Emily Bronte vividly present the main character, Heathcliff, as misanthropist after he suffers abuse, degradation, and loses his beloved Catherine. Heathcliff, a black, orphan gipsy child, is brought to live in upper-class society by Mr. Earnshaw’s generosity. Heathcliff is an outcast in his new society. Thus, Heathcliff’s temperament is depicted in â€Å"Wuthering Heightsâ⠂¬  as cruel, abusive, and vindictive against those who humiliated and not accepted him in society. HeathcliffRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1149 Words   |  5 PagesDuring it release in 1842, ‘Wuthering Heights’ by Emily Bronte was considered to be a novel of obscenity and monstrosity. The novel has the ability to adapt to a range of themes and transcend the forms of content and cultural context within the ideas of love, oppression, power and harmony. Critical readings of the text have challenged and enriched readers in a diverse array of interpretations of language and structure; forming personal meanings that have developed throughout history. England, inRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1208 Words   |  5 Pagesrepair, and spark one of the most largest human motivations: vengeance. If left unnoticed, the feeling will grow inside us and consume our every thought and ruin our lives. Therefore, leaving no remorse or peace for ourselves and others. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a book about love that turns into vengeance and hatred that goes for generations. This story revolves around Heathcliff, an unmerciful vengeful man. His desire to pay back those who have done him wrong is so extreme that he finds himselfRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte877 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Wuthering Heights, written by Emily Brà ¶nte, follows the stories of Catherine and Heathcliff Earnshaw. Both lived in Wuthering Heights, until Catherine went away to Thrushcross Grange and came back a changed person. The settings of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights, throughout the novel help to display the emo tions of the story, and shape the image of the people who live within them. The setting helps to describe aspects of the novel in greater depth. One of the first scenes of

Management Accounting Product Costing System

Question: Discuss about theManagement Accountingfor Product Costing System. Answer: Product Costing System: The term product costing is the determination of all the business expenses that pertains to the manufacture of the various different products. These are the costs that includes the purchase of the raw material, wages of the workers, costs of the transportation and the fees of the retail stocking (Small business chron, 2016). As per AASB 102, the cost of the purchase of the various inventories would include the following: Purchase price Import duties Other such taxes All the costs incurred to bring in to material to its present condition and use The cost of the conversion would include all the costs that are related with the various units of production such as the raw material and the direct labour. The fixed overheads would remain constant over the costs of production that would remain constant over the volume of the production. The allocation of the fixed production overheads is based upon the production facilities that are available (AASB, 2016). Schedule of Goods Manufactured: Schedule of cost of goods manufactured Particulars Amounts in $ Beginning raw material inventory 25,000.00 Add: cost of raw materials purchased 1,20,000.00 Less: ending raw material 24,000.00 Raw material used 1,21,000.00 Add: manufacturing overhead 57,100.00 change in work in progress inventory - Cost of goods manufactured 1,78,100.00 Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold: Schedule of cost of goods sold Particulars Amounts in $ Beginning finished goods inventory 12,500.00 Add: cost of goods manufactured 1,78,100.00 Less: ending finished goods inventory 13,600.00 Cost of goods sold 1,77,000.00 T Accounts: Raw Materials Op Bal 1 July 25,000 Purchases 1,20,000 Mat Consumed 1,21,000 Bal c/f 30 June 24,000 1,45,000 1,45,000 Manufacturing OHDS Depreciation -Factory Building 6,500 Applied OHD 53,550 Depreciation -Factory Equipment 8,900 (850 hours @63) Factory Manager's Salary 12,000 Factory Supplies 5,000 Under-applied overheads 3,550 Indirect Labour Cost 15,000 (Balancing figure) Insurance - Factory 5,000 Repair Maintenance - Factory 2,500 Land Tax-Factory 2,200 57,100 57,100 WIP Op Bal 1 July 8,000 Material Consumed 1,21,000 Direct Labour Cost 35,700 Cost of Goods Produced (Prime Cost) 1,57,200 (Balancing figure) Bal c/f 30 June 7,500 1,64,700 1,64,700 Accounts Payable Op Bal 1 July 20,000 Payment made 1,17,500 Purchases 1,20,000 Bal c/f 30 June 22,500 1,40,000 1,40,000 Finished Goods Op Bal 1 July 12,500 Cost of Goods Sold 2,21,650 Administrative expenses 12,000 (Balancing figure) Cost of Goods Produced 1,57,200 Manufacturing OHDS applied 53,550 Bal c/f 30 June 13,600 2,35,250 2,35,250 Cost of goods sold Administrative Salaries (Sales) Depreciation Sales Office General Sales Liability Insurance Sales Manager's Salary Income Summary 2,21,650 Travel Entertainment Expenses (Sales) (Final COGS) Cost of Goods Sold 2,21,650 2,21,650 2,21,650 Part C: (i) Overhead applied during the year 53,550 (ii) Calculate the total of actual indirect / overhead cost 57,100 (iii) Under applied overheads 3,550 (iv) Journal Entry Profit Loss A/c Account Debit 3,550 To Under-applied overhead..Credit 3,550 Over and Under Applied Overheads: There is always a chance that the manufacturing overheads may be less applied or more applied to the cost of the manufacturing overhead. In case, the manufacturing overhead applied to the work in progress is much more than the manufacturing overhead that has been incurred during the period, then it is termed as being over applied and the manufacturing overhead applied to the work in progress is much less than the manufacturing overhead that has been incurred during the period, then it is termed as being under applied. In both the following cases, the following entries are passed: The occurrence of the over or the under applied overheads in the business of manufacturing is always based upon the usage of the predetermined overhead rate (Accounting for management, 2016). Part D: The overheads can be over / under-applied when estimated overheads differs from the overheads actually incurred. If actually incurred overheads exceeds the estimated overheads then overheads can be under-applied and vice a versa. A company can deal with over/under applied overheads in any of the following ways: a) Charged to Costing Profit Loss Account Profit Loss A/c Account Debit 3,550 To Under-applied overhead..Credit 3,550 b) Calculate supplementary rate and charge to cost of goods sold Cost of Goods Sold Account Debit 3,550 To Under-applied overhead..Credit 3,550 c) Carry forward to the next year for adjustment Under-applied overhead Carry forward to Next Year 3,550 To Under-applied overhead..Credit 3,550 Standard Costing: The term standard costing is the cost that the company should incur when it comes to producing the goods. This is somewhat based upon the past experience of the company and the actual costs that could have been incurred in the last quarter or last year. The variations between the actual costs and the standards costs are then analysed and then appropriate actions are taken. The following are the various advantages of standard costing: There is a budget that is based on the standard costs since it is quite not possible to include the same in the exact actual cost on the day on which the budget is finalised. It is quite easy to print a report wherein there is a period end of the balance of an inventory and then the same is multiplied by the standard cost for each of the items. It becomes easy to apply the standard overheads rate instead of the adjustment of this rate in each and every months. In case the company deals with the custom products, then uses the standard costing for the purpose of quoting the price of the products that are manufactured based on the requirements laid down by the customer (Accounting tools, 2016). References: Accountingformanagement.org. (2016).Over or under-applied manufacturing overhead - computation, disposition, example | Accounting For Management. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingformanagement.org/over-or-under-applied-manufacturing-overhead/ [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. https://www.aasb.gov.au/. (2016).AASB 102. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016).Product Costing vs. Cost Accounting. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/product-costing-vs-cost-accounting-37642.html [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. www.accountingtools.com. (2016).Standard Costing. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/standard-costing [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016].

Bioethics and genetic engineering Essay Example For Students

Bioethics and genetic engineering Essay It is my belief that genetic engineering has promise to better mankind, and it is our ethical obligation to research it but not exploit it. There is a need to have a morally correct legislation that guides the way science develops this. The Random House Websters College Dictionary defines bioethics as a field of study and counsel concerned with the implications of certain medical procedures, genetic engineering, and care of the terminally ill. I will be exploring and commenting on how bioethics relates to genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a branch of biology dealing with the splicing and recombining of genetic units from living organisms, according to Websters New World Dictionary. I will look at bioethics from the point of view of personal privacy, societal effects, religious concerns, medicinal benefits and legislation. The topic of genetic engineering stirs up debates, as it is a controversial area with enormous potential for both good and bad in our society. Genetically prepared drugs have already helped tremendously, in the treament various diseases. Biogenetically prepared vaccines and insulin have already proven their benefit medicine. Other genetically engineered drugs are waiting Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, critics claim that it will cause more harm than good. Many theologians believe that genetic engineering, should not be investigated at all, they feel Mother Nature knows best and any tampering with genetic material is evil. The primary reason why theologians argue that genetic engineering is unethical is because it defies all that has been described in the story of creation in the bible and other religious texts. However, it is my belief that genetic engineering has promise to better mankind, and it is our ethical obligation to research it but not exploit it. There is a need to have a morally correct legislation that guides the way science develops this (Toward E01.) It has been only four decades since James D. Watson and Francis H. Crick made one of the most profound discoveries ever, the double helix structure of DNA. Today we know, human DNA is made of up twenty-three pairs of chromosomes and is found in all cells of the human body. Human genes are short segments of DNA that determine human traits, ranging from sex to eye color (Toward 1995.) To a large extent, DNA predetermines what diseases we will get, what our IQ will be and how we will function etc. According to Time magazines DNA is a complex structure that has 100,000 genes and 3 billion chemical codes (Isaacson 42) which encrypt the very basis of our biological unit. DNA is the true thumb imprint which makes each individual unique, and the entire controversy surrounding genetic engineering revolves around the idea of destroying the human by changing this code. Genetic engineering today has already helped many infertile patients to have children by a technique called in-vitro fertilization (Toward E01.) In October 1993, the Doctor Jerry L. Hall, a geneticist, at George Washington to University Medical Center cloned a human embryo. This set off an ethical debate. Ethicists asked why the cloning was done, and who will set the guidelines for this practice in the future. There are those who believe that this issue is about individual autonomy. They believe that this is not societys business and no one should be allowed to interfere with a persons personal privacy and that nothing can be more personal then genetic material that makes us who we are (Kolata A1.) According to Richard A. McCormick, S.J., who teaches theology at the University of Notre Dame, ones approach to cloning will vary according to the range of issues one wants to consider. For example, he says some people look at it from the point of view of helping infertile couples to have offspring and they say that this is not wrong because geneticists are only helping where mother nature failed. .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .postImageUrl , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:hover , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:visited , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:active { border:0!important; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:active , .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f282aaf3e7f91347bddae2cc4c9aeba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Heat and Temperature Difference Essay McCormick believes that people with this point of view are being frighteningly myopic. He sees this issue as extremely social matter, not a question of mere personal privacy. I see three dimensions to the moral question: the wholeness of life, the individuality of life, and respect for life (McCormick 1148.) The danger of genetic engineering lies in the fact that the individuality .

U.S. Budget Deficit - Good Or Bad Essays - Fiscal Policy

U.S. Budget Deficit - Good or Bad? ?Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves.? , Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say its a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. When the U.S. government came into existence and for about a 150 years thereafter the government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only times a budget deficit existed during these first 150 years were in times of war or other catastrophic events. The Government, for inezce, generated deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the depression of the 1890s, and World War I. However, as soon as the war ended the deficit would be eliminated and the economy which was much larger than the amounted debt would quickly absorb it. The last time the budget ran a surplus was in 1969 during Nixon's presidency. Budget deficits have grown larger and more frequent in the last half-century. In the 1980s they soared to record levels. The Government cut income tax rates, greatly increased defense spending, and didn't cut domestic spending enough to make up the difference. Also, the deep recession of the early 1980s reduced revenues, raising the deficit and forcing the Government to spend much more on paying interest for the national debt at a time when interest rates were high. As a result, the national debt grew in size after 1980. It grew from $709 billion to $3.6 trillion in 1990, only one decade later. Increase of National Debt Since 1980 Month Amount -------------------------------------------- 12/31/1980 $930,210,000,000.00 * 12/31/1981 $1,028,729,000,000.00 * 12/31/1982 $1,197,073,000,000.00 * 12/31/1983 $1,410,702,000,000.00 * 12/31/1984 $1,662,966,000,000.00 * 12/31/1985 $1,945,941,616,459.88 12/31/1986 $2,214,834,532,586.43 12/31/1987 $2,431,715,264,976.86 12/30/1988 $2,684,391,916,571.41 12/29/1989 $2,952,994,244,624.71 12/31/1990 $3,364,820,230,276.86 12/31/1991 $3,801,698,272,862.02 12/31/1992 $4,177,009,244,468.77 12/31/1993 $4,535,687,054,406.14 12/30/1994 $4,800,149,946,143.75 10/31/1995 $4,985,262,110,021.06 11/30/1995 $4,989,329,926,644.31 12/29/1995 $4,988,664,979,014.54 01/31/1996 $4,987,436,358,165.20 02/29/1996 $5,017,040,703,255.02 03/29/1996 $5,117,786,366,014.56 04/30/1996 $5,102,048,827,234.22 05/31/1996 $5,128,508,504,892.80 06/28/1996 $5,161,075,688,140.93 07/31/1996 $5,188,888,625,925.87 08/30/1996 $5,208,303,439,417.93 09/30/1996 $5,224,810,939,135.73 10/01/1996 $5,234,730,786,626.50 10/02/1996 $5,235,509,457,452.56 10/03/1996 $5,222,192,137,251.62 10/04/1996 $5,222,049,625,819.53 * Rounded to Millions Federal spending has grown over the years, especially starting in the 1930s in actual dollars and in proportion to the economy (Gross Domestic Product, or GDP). Beginning with the "New Deal" in the 1930s, the Federal Government came to play a much larger role in American life. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to use the full powers of his office to end the Great Depression. He and Congress greatly expanded Federal programs. Federal spending, which totaled less than $4 billion in 1931, went up to nearly $7 billion in 1934 and to over $8 billion in 1936. Then, U.S. entry into World War II sent annual Federal spending soaring to over $91 billion by 1944. Thus began the ever increasing debt of the United States. What if the debt is not increasing as fast as we think it is? The dollar amount of the debt may increase but often times so does the amount of money or GDP to pay for the debt. This brings up the idea that the deficit could be run without cost. How could a deficit increase productivity without any cost? The idea of having a balanced budget is challenged by the ideas of Keynesian Economics. Keynesian economics is an economic model that predicts in times of low demand and high unemployment a deficit will not cost anything. Instead a deficit would allow more people to work, increasing productivity. A deficit does this because it is invested into the economy by government. For example if the government spends deficit money on new highways, trucking will benefit and more jobs will be produced. When an economic system is in recession all of its resources are not being used. For example if the government did not build highways we could not ship goods and there would be less demand for them. The supply remains low even though we have the ability to produce more because we cannot ship them. This non-productivity comes at a cost to the whole economic system. If deficit spending eliminates non-productivity then its direct monetary cost will be offset if not surpassed by increased productivity. For example in the 1980's when the huge deficits were adding up the actual additions to the public capital or increased productivity were often as big, or bigger than

Gucci Group Essays

Gucci Group Essays Gucci Group Essay Gucci Group Essay Executive Summary Gucci Group is a luxury goods retailer focusing on improving their market share while producing high quality fashionable items. Initially, Gucci’s poor business strategy and internal family conflict directly resulted in decreased sales and net income. When Investcorp took control of the company, Gucci regained their success through quality management and acquisitions. Gucci’s product line now includes a large range of products. We would like to continue Gucci’s success and believe that the next major business decision for Gucci is how to manage the new acquisitions. We recommend that Gucci cease further acquisitions of companies to its portfolio and should not challenge the status quo by making big management changes at the group of companies that it has acquired. This will help sustain growth in different segments and maintain an existing customer base. Introduction Gucci Group’s iconic red and green stripe, as well as their G logo, has been associated with luxury, elegance and glamour since 1923. Once a family owned leather goods store, Gucci has expanded worldwide and increased its product mix to include other luxury goods such as purses and shoes. Gucci’s business operations lacked experienced leadership since family members controlled business decisions. The market for luxury goods had become fiercely competitive and Gucci’s lack of business strategy had caused them to lose market share to their close competitors, Moet Hennessy-Louis Vuitton, Hermes and Prada. Gucci financial status had fallen while their competitors had increased their sales and operating margins (Exhibit 4). In 1993, Investcorp bought the remaining shares of the Gucci family and placed the necessary management personnel to help turn around Gucci’s struggling business. : Through a series of acquisitions and business line decisions, Domenico De Sole, President, and Tom Ford, Creative Director, help re-invent Gucci’s brand line and established a firm financial foothold for the company. Gucci acquired three major companies: Yves Saint Laurent Couture, YSL Beaute, and Sergio Rossi to create four divisions of Gucci Group while also generating $3 billions in cash. In the early 1990’s, Gucci’s core customer was a matured, conservative, wealthy woman but the company decided to change their business line to capture the market on the younger, more ashion conscious individual. Identification and Justification of Key Strategic Issue Gucci, as previously mentioned, has evolved from a family business into a global corporation. Along this evolution, Gucci has encountered many challenges. One of the key challenges faced by Gucci is preventing a buyout from one of it’s main competitors, Moet Hennessy-Louis Vuitton, Hermes. In order to prev ent being acquired, Gucci has taken the path to acquiring other companies, and this is the key strategic issue that is challenging them moving forward. Do they continue this path of acquisitions with the capital they have on hand or not. Another key strategic issue that had adversely affected Gucci in the past was streamlining their supply chain and distribution operations. This is related to their key strategic strategy of acquisition. As they acquire companies, they will face the same challenges they have had in the past. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives Below are the strategic recommendations regarding the future position of the Gucci Group and its new acquisitions. All of these alternatives are mutually exclusive business strategies, and we have evaluated each alternative’s pros and cons should Gucci choose to implement it. Alternative 1: Keep separate management structure and freeze new acquisitions. As of 2000, each of Gucci Group’s new divisions – Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent Couture, YSL Beaute, and Sergio Rossi – had its own management structure. A president or CEO of each of the divisions reported to Domenico De Sole. Our strategic recommendation is to continue managing the newly acquired brands independently while holding off on further acquisitions for now. Pros: Having separate management that ultimately reports to De Sole allows the new divisions to maintain the integrity of each brand and avoid brand dilution, while keeping the overall control of the company in the hands of one man who has proven to be a positive influence on the company. We can also leverage the strength and popularity of the Gucci brand to gain distribution for the smaller names, much like how LVMH leveraged Louis Vuitton’s popularity. By holding off of new acquisitions, Gucci can learn to handle the four brands they currently have before adding extra brands. Cons: Four brands with their own management structure may prove to be difficult for De Sole to wrangle, as the managers could bring their own management styles that may not mesh well with De Sole’s style. With the current hold on acquisitions, Gucci may miss out on opportunities to acquire strong brands. Alternative 2: Increase acquisitions in a number of diverse companies. Most luxury brands have been family-owned or -controlled and, consequently, were single-brand firms for the most part. However, mergers and acquisitions have been growing in the industry, with LVMH leading the way. Our strategic recommendation is to follow LVMH’s lead and acquire a multitude of diverse companies to build the Gucci portfolio. Pros: Family ownership of the Gucci Group had dissolved with the drama and tragedy that plagued the Gucci family, so moving away from the ‘family-owned, single-brand’ system seems like it would strengthen and stabilize the company. Depending on the acquisitions the company makes, Gucci Group could potentially become a lifestyle brand for luxury customers to go to for a diverse set of needs. Cons: If the Gucci name becomes associated with lower quality companies through poorly chosen acquisitions, the Gucci brand could be in jeopardy. Becoming a multi-brand company may take away the focus and attention that each brand, including Gucci, needs to continue being successful. Moreover, acquiring multiple companies now before Gucci management is comfortable with the acquisitions it has already made may be too much too fast for the company. Alte rnative 3: Extend Gucci brand through diffusion lines. Extending the brand through diffusion is another strategic recommendation that would help Gucci increase sales. Pros: With Gucci diffusion lines, the company could target different market segments while maintaining their core business. Extension lines have been successful for competitors such as Emporio Armani and their diffusion line of Armani Exchange. Gucci would be able to attract a new clientele while increasing their customer base. Cons: Diffusion lines may weaken the Gucci brand strength overall due to different quality levels. A new line would also incur large initial capital investment and advertising.

Plato's Timaeus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plato's Timaeus - Essay Example 8). Moreover, it is â€Å"apprehended by understanding rather than senses. According to Platos cosmology, â€Å"the cosmos is the physical world†. Everything will come and pass away and supported by the opinion and perception of sense. Plato describes Cosmos that it became into being and was created with world of forms model, â€Å"The cosmos itself came into being, created using as its model the world of Forms. â€Å"Plato, in naming the Kosmos generation, he was simply trying to bring the fact that the account has less representation of faith in likeness known as the â€Å"likeness of an eternal model" (Plato & Donald, p 7-p. 8). In general, it means that the account is actually not probabilistic. Plato also describes the Cosmos as a living being simply because the Cosmos is based on a living being. Moreover, it is unique as it has souls and spherical shape due to its perfect and beautiful shape. Various presocratic philosophers also support Plato’s Cosmos nature and composition they include Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras as well as Philolaus. The relationship between Plato’s and these dialogues from other philosophers has led to the rise of acrimonious and fruitful debate. Heraclitus also tried to examine the Cosmos and its nature, which made him offer a cosmological account concerning the nature of the physical world. He proceeds deeper than the Plato in inquiring and investigating the physical nature of the world (Plato & Donald, p 6-p. 8 ). Being one of the Presocratic philosophers, he further supports the nature of the world as containing an enormous variety of objects that will be, and have always been present. He claims, â€Å"all things on earth simply came from a common source or any other kind of stuff. The statement â€Å"that which always is, is that which becomes† by Plato is in line with the Parmenides passage (B1.30, B8.32-41). Plato also describes that order in every way is always better

Creating a successful corporate culture after a merger PowerPoint Presentation

Creating a successful corporate culture after a merger - PowerPoint Presentation Example It, therefore, has culminated into a cutthroat type of competition where the aim is to reach the pinnacle in riches and power before anything and anybody else. Since the slots at the top are few and limited in number, short-cuts and illegal means among them fraud and insider trading are sought by any people in this country in their daily bid to realize their dream of greatness. Purpose of the Memo It is thus with a great urge that I write to the chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission with proposals whose aim is to minimize cases of fraud, insider trading and unlawful actions by people and business with the intentions of making quick money. The main aim of this proposal is to contribute to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s efforts towards reining in fraudsters and insider trading who plunder other people into poverty. The commission’s efforts cannot be assumed to have been useless in any way since they have prevented most of the cases that would hav e caused damage to the whole financial sector (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt, 2012). It replaces some existent rules and regulations in place since they have evidently failed to rein in the criminals and, most importantly, managing financial crimes as displayed by the 2008 global recession. Findings of numerous research studies on the 2008 global recession indicate that the spending behavior of US citizens and the laxity of the Securities and Exchange Commission are responsible for the recession. It should be put into consideration that the main aim of all regulatory bodies in this sector should be the prevention of the crimes since, as they say, prevention is better than cure. The Current Laws The United States government has made enormous efforts towards handling the issue of financial crimes by setting the Securities and Exchange Commission which has established a number of rules governing the US business environment to see to a balanced business environment for all business participants. Among these rules are those against the illegal type of insider trading and fraudulent activities in general. For instance, Rule 10b5-1 prohibits insider trading by stating that it is illegal for individual to engage in a trade arrangement using non-public information. However, the rule permeates individuals to only trade under special instances in which there is lack of knowledge that the information was non-public. Moreover, the actions of the trader must be in good faith. The second rule by the Securities and Exchange Commission meant to curb illegal insider trading is the Rule 10b5-2. It is a rule clarifying how the misappropriation theory applies to certain non-business relationships. The rule states that individuals with the privilege of access to confidential information have the obligation to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of such information. Persons violating the law are liable for breach of information confidentiality as outlined by the misappropr iation theory. The Securities and Exchange Commission has established several measures targeting at minimizing the level of financial fraud in major areas of the US business industry. These include the use of people who have inside information on the fraudulent cases being undertaken by companies who tip the Securities an

MUSCULOSKELETAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MUSCULOSKELETAL - Essay Example Factors such as doing heavy physical work may cause degeneration of discs. Obesity, which can be linked to the patient’s lifestyle and the family’s history, may as well cause disc degeneration (Rajasekaran, Venkatadass, Babu, Ganesh, & Shetty, 2008). A thorough understanding of the five factors and how they are interrelated is important in the treatment of the patient. I agree with Christopher Johnson on prioritization of treatment as the best thing to do. This is because it aims at relieving the acute nature of the patient’s injury thereby alleviating pain. This way, his good health will see to it that he can carry on with his activities of daily living. When treated, the patient will be capable of reaching out to his relatives and friends for assistance. The assistance may come I form of meal preparation and transportation to and from physical therapy (Fink, Gebhard, Fuerst, Berger & Schà ¤fer, 2013). The patient’s overweight could be caused by factors such as stress and depression, which can lead to overeating or poor food choices (Mikhael at al., 2013). The patient’s counseling will only be effective if the pain is relieved first. (2013, April). Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines 2013. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 88, No. 4, pp. 360-376).

Effect of Alpha-galactosidase on Digestive System

Effect of Alpha-galactosidase on Digestive System Janaaron Aquino    The Effect of the Enzyme, Alpha-galactosidase inside Beano, on the Digestive System Problem To use the alpha-galactosidase enzyme in Beano to examine the effect of the enzyme in the digestive system at different temperatures and to find the glucose concentration at those temperatures which represents the efficiency of the enzyme under the various temperatures. If different temperatures of Beano solution are tested, then the temperatures closest to human body temperature will extract more glucose than other temperatures because of the fact that the human body has adapted to operate at an optimum temperature. Background The human body has several complex systems that fulfill essential goals the human needs to survive. Each system has a different procedure for the body and works individually or with other systems to perform that action. One of the human body systems is the digestive system. There are several steps that come into play when discussing the system, but in short, the  digestive system turns the food that humans eat into energy. In the digestive system, parts and organs include salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Digestion is the breakdown of large food particles into smaller molecules that are easy to absorb into the bloodstream (Gureco, 2015).This experiment focuses solely on the transfer of glucose from food consumed into the body. What does this food do for the human body? The path of the food being digested is as followed. When food enters the mouth saliva helps break it down. It goes down the esop hagus and enters the stomach where it is broken down further by acid in order to be able to extract nutrients from the food. It enters the small intestine where the nutrients are absorbed and goes through the large intestine where water is absorbed in order to create a stool (defecation) so that it can exit the body via the anus. Digestion occurs in which the rate and extent of sugar release from available carbohydrates, by simulating physiological processes occurring in the mouth, stomach and small intestine (Woolnough, 2010). The focal point of this experiment is to examine the glucose concentration with the help of alpha-galactosidase which all takes place in the path of digestion. To start off, the food (or food solution) used in this experiment was a solution of broken down refried beans. The enzyme Beano was used specifically for this experiment because, as the name suggests, Beano is made specifically for digestive assistance with beans. Beans have a tendency to cause stress in the human digestive system. The Beano was used with the refried beans to digest the beans easily. This allows an easy pathway for the glucose to be broken down and for the human body to absorb the glucose. According to a journal abstract written by RJ Levin, The glucose, galactose, and fructose produced are absorbed across the e nterocytes [cell of the intestine] of the upper half of the villus [increase of surface area in order to absorb more nutrients] (Levin, 1994) In more specific terms, foods are carbohydrates called oligosaccharides. In the case of this experiment, refried beans were used as the oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are groups of two to ten monosaccharides bonded together to form the carbohydrate. When entering the body, the enzyme called salivary amylase (most commonly known as human saliva) starts the chemical process of digestion of food. The enzyme breaks down the oligosaccharide carbohydrate polymers into monomers called monosaccharides. When oligosaccharides are broken down by digestion, a monomer called monosaccharides are produced. This is because multiple saccharide polymers are broken down into a simple sugar. Included in a humans digestive system are living microbes in the large intestine that carry out the process of breaking down the carbohydrates. These microbes in human in testines are necessary because the body needs to break down the food into monosaccharides to obtain the nutrients needed for processes such as cell repair, growth, and most importantly energy. The breaking down of the oligosaccharides are essential because The biological roles of oligosaccharides appear to span the spectrum from those that are trivial, to those that are crucial for the development, growth, function or survival of an organism (Varki, 1993). However, the refried beans mentioned have starch in which these microbes produce an uncomfortable and bloated feeling like the aforementioned stress that beans cause. Although the following experiment was done on a different species an abstract suggests that mammals that consume soybeans may suffer from a gastrointestinal hypersensitive reactions involving major disturbances in digestive functions (Sissons, 1982). The use of Beano in this experiment examines the effect of the alpha-galactosidase at varying temperatures as the inde pendent variable which assists the digestion of refried beans. The alpha-galactosidase is used to pinpoint the temperature in which glucose concentration is high or low as the dependent variable. Data  and  Observations      Ã‚   Figure Results  and  Discussion The graph illustrates several temperatures in which the solution of Beano and refried beans were tested. Similarities and differences can be observed across multiple of the Beano solution mixtures at the varying temperatures. Some of the lines that represent each temperature stand out more than others. It can clearly be seen that relatively high temperatures of the refried bean solution and Beano cannot extract much glucose from the solution itself. High temperatures that did not have a high glucose concentration included temperatures that ranged from 60oC to 90oC whose maximum glucose concentration did not reach over 0.50%. This outcome can also be predicted for any temperature higher than those experimented with because if 90oC did not extract any glucose, anything higher will do the same. The same outcome can be seen with the lesser temperature of 30oC, in which the concentration of glucose did not reach over 0.50% in the course of 25 minutes. Relatively high and low temperatures of refried bean and Beano solution extracted glucose at a lower rate or did not extract any glucose at all. In comparison, two temperatures of the solution stood out more than the others. The Beano solution skyrocketed at temperatures of 40oC and 50oC. It is clear that these two temperatures were different from the others. The reason behind it? Well the optimum temperature for digestion ranges from 37oC and 44oC. Relatively close to the aforementioned temperatures of the solution, is it not? This is because body temperature is approximately 37oC and this is the temperature in which the body functions best. Temperature gets too hot? Humans get a fever. Temperature gets too low? Humans start to internally develop hypothermia. Both indicate that the body is not fully functional. The temperature of 37oC is closer to 40oC than it is to 50oC. Figure 1 indicates that the Beano solution at 40oC had a higher slope which exemplifies the fact that digestion works best when near the body temperature of approximately 37oC. According to a news website, The body has sensors with memory, or its linked to the brain, and immediately it sense the food in the stomach has temperatures and pH outside the optimum range, it uses the energy and acids stored in the body to regulate the right conditions for the optimum digestion. This further exemplifies why the Beano solution of 40oC and 50oC worked best compared to the other five temperatures. The experiment proves the efficiency and effectivity of alpha-galactosidase inside Beano impacts the rate of glucose concentration of refried bean solution at varying temperatures of 30oC to 90oC. Analysis Oligosaccharides are groups of two to ten monosaccharides bonded together to form a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are found in all foods that a human consumes. They consist of the sugars, starches, and fibers found in food and are made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When oligosaccharides are broken down by digestion, a monomer called monosaccharides are produced. This is because multiple saccharide polymers are broken down into a simple sugar (monosaccharide). The enzyme called salivary amylase breaks down these carbohydrate polymers called oligosaccharides into monomers. Salivary amylase, which is also known as saliva, breaks down starch when chewing food. As food is consumed, saliva inside the mouth starts the process of digestion by breaking down the food as humans chew. This allows the food to be broken down for glucose extraction and also breaking down the food for the esophagus. If food were not to be chewed, it cannot enter the esophagus and if it does, it will be difficult to swallow which can lead to respiratory injuries. In the human body, intestines have microbes that fulfill certain needs for the digestive system. These microbes in human intestines are necessary because the body needs to break down the food into monosaccharides to obtain the nutrients needed for processes such as cell repair, growth, and most importantly energy. In all, digestion is essentially important because of the advantages it gives to us in the form of energy. Without the energy produced from consuming, a human body cannot be fully functional. In the experiment, the enzyme, Beano, worked most efficiently at a temperature of about  40oC. As mentioned in discussion, this is because the optimum temperature for human digestion is approximately 37oC. That temperature is linked to the brain as a the human body temperature in which the human body operates at its best. Beano working most efficiently at 40oC can be explained because that temperature is approximately body temperature. Other varying  temperatures are not quite as efficient as body temperature because the human body breaks down glucose at its best. On the contrary, Beano worked least efficiently on the refried beans at an approximate temperature of 90oC. The reason behind this is that 90oC is way too hot for digestive organs to obtain nutrients. In turn, glucose cannot be absorbed which explains why the line in Figure 1 which represents 90cC did not increase throughout the course of the entire twenty-five minutes. Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that is inside Beano extract to make it work. The enzymes in Beano helps with digestion, bloating, and reducing gas by increasing the rate of digestion. In the experiment, Beano was mixed with refried beans to increase the rate of glucose extraction from the beans. Refried beans were used because the starch inside the beans is difficult to digest which causes troubles such as methane gas (farting). The Beano was used with the refried beans to digest the beans easily. Another reason why the refried beans were used is because the enzyme, Beano, was created specifically for beans as beans are foods that are typically difficult to digest. When experimenting with different independent variables, it is better to have all lines on the same graph. Why? Well the graph of Figure 1 was used to compare different glucose concentration at different temperatures. Mentioned several times before, about 40 degrees Celsius worked best because it is body temperature. In this case, the line that represented 40oC can be compared to the other varying temperatures because of the fact that all of the lines were put on the same graph. In a lab very similar to the Beano experiment, peas were used instead of refried beans. The lab had the same concept and measured glucose concentration over time. Instead of using different temperatures for each line, the peas were differentiated by 25% pea extract solution,  50% pea extract solution, and 100% pea extract solution. All three solutions were tested at a temperature of 25oC. Each line increases as opposed to the lines of Figure 1 because it does not include temperature and it is different solutions being digested over time. It can be concluded that the 100% solution was digested the best. References Varki,A. (1993). Biologicalrolesof oligosaccharides:allof thetheoriesarecorrect[Abstract]. GlycoBiology.RetrievedDecember20, 2016, from http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/2/97.short Sissons, J. (1983). Effectsof soya-beanproductson digestiveprocesses inthegastrointestinal tractof preruminantcalves[Abstract].41(1), 53-53. RetrievedDecember20, 2016, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/div-classtitl eeffects-of-soya-bean-products-on-digestive-processes-in-the-gastrointestinal-tract-of-prerumina nt-calvesdiv/829E6E65CF3E213E31E10230E100A3C8. Levin,R.(n.d.). Digestionandabsorptionof carbohydratesfrommoleculesandmembranesto humans.[Abstract].ClinicalNutrition.RetrievedDecember20, 2016, from http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/59/3/690S.short Gureco.HumanDigestiveSystem DigestiveEnzymes andDrinkingColdWaterafterMeal. (2015, June 24). RetrievedDecember20, 2016, from http://hubpages.com/health/Human-Digestive-System-Digestive-Enzymes-and-Drinking-Cold-W ater-after-Meal Woolnough. 1.W. (2010). The Effect of a Brief Salivary a-Amylase Exposure During Chewing on Subsequent in Vitro Starch Digestion Curve Profiles. Retrieved December 21. 2016. from http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/8/2780/htm

The Speckled Band and Lamb to the slaughter :: English Literature

Discussing The Speckled Band and Lamb to the slaughter. British writer, creator Sherlock Holmes, the best-known detective in literature and the embodiment of sharp reasoning. Doyle himself was not a good example of rational personality: he believed in fairies and was interested in occultism. Sherlock Holmes stories have been translated into more than fifty languages, and made into plays, films, radio and television series, a musical comedy, a ballet, cartoons, comic books, and advertisement. By 1920 Doyle was one of the most highly paid writers in the world. --'This is indeed a mystery,' I remarked. 'What do you imagine that it means?' --'I have no data yet. It is a capital mistake to theorise before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts...' --(from 'A Scandal in Bohemia', 1891) Arthur Conan Doyle was born at Picardy Place, Edinburgh, as the son of Charles Altamont Doyle, a civil servant in the Edinburgh Office of Works, and Mary (Foley) Doyle. Both of Doyle's parents were Roman Catholics. To increase his income Charles Altamont painted, made book illustrations, and also worked as a sketch artist on criminal trials. Not long after arriving Edinburgh he started to drink, he suffered from epilepsy and was eventually institutionalized. Doyle's mother was interested in literature, and she encouraged his son to take to books. Doyle read voluminously. At the age of fourteen he had learned French so that he read Jules Verne in the author's original language. Later Doyle's second wife, Jean, said: "My husband's mother was a very remarkable and highly cultured woman. She had a dominant personality, wrapped up on the most charming womanly exterior." Charles Altamot died in an asylum in 1893; in the same year Doyle decided to finish permanently the adventures of his master detective. Because of financial problems, Doyle's mother kept a boarding house. Dr. Tsukasa Kobayashi has alluded in an article, that Doyle's mother had a long affair with Bryan Charles Waller, a lodger and a student of pathology, who had a deep impact to Conan Doyle. Doyle was educated in Jesuit schools. During this period Doyle lost his belief in the Roman Catholic faith but the training of the Jesuits influenced deeply his mental development. Later he used his friends and teachers from Stonyhurst College as models for his characters in the Holmes stories, among them two boys named Moriarty. He studied at Edinburgh University and in 1884 he married Louise Hawkins. Doyle qualified as doctor in 1885. After graduation Doyle practiced medicine as an eye specialist at Southsea near Porsmouth in Hampshire until 1891 when he became a full time writer.

Waiting for Superman

Brad Mitchell Ms. Campbell ENG 101 01 October 2012 Waiting for ‘Superman’ The film â€Å"Waiting for Superman† follows five children as they have to struggle through a system of conflicting education regulations and avoid the academic pitfalls that are public schools in order to receive a proper education that may guarantee them a career. The film, directed by Davis Guggenheim, asserts the claim that Teachers' Unions are a main problem to public education, and that charter schools are the safest and most definite method to ensure that a student acquires a proper education.While the film was created with good intentions to improve the education of American students, it has been dismissed by most due to the film seeming to demonize Teachers’ Unions and overly-praising charter school systems. Although public schools have indeed faltered since the 1970’s, it does not mean that private schools and charter schools are the go-to solution. The truth is, publ ic school systems have been proven to perform just as well as, if not better than, the charter schools that the film seemingly praises as a definitive solution.An article from The Washington Post by Rick Ayers talks about a survey run by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes, or CREDO, saying that it â€Å"concludes that only 17% of charter schools have better test scores than traditional public schools, 46% had gains that were no different than their public counterparts, and 37% were significantly worse. † (Ayers. ) Another popular argument that the film expresses is that the Teachers' Unions should be reformed because the regulations that the unions created make it nearly impossible to fire a bad teacher.Although Teachers' Unions do have room for improvement, throughout history and across the globe the unions have done more good than harm. The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association were created to abolish the discriminatory pay rates between male and female teachers, and to establish a firm group to ensure that changes to school systems would not be made without representation and that teachers as a whole would not get the short end of the stick. Waiting for Superman† highlights Finland as having one of the best school systems in the world, while in fact ninety-percent of the Finnish labor force is operated by unions. Dana Goldstein wrote in an article for The Nation: You also don't learn that in the Finnish education system, much cited in the film as the best in the world, teachers are—gasp! —unionized and granted tenure, and families benefit from a cradle-to-grave social welfare system that includes universal daycare, preschool and healthcare, all of which are proven to help children achieve better results at school. Goldstein. ) The film also continuously bashes tenure as ‘good idea turned horribly wrong’, saying that it allows bad teachers to sit in class and do nothing to te ach their students without risk of being fired. Tenure was created to ensure that university professors would not be fired for political reasons or when there was a change in administration. When it branched out to public schools, tenure protected every teacher from being replaced due to absurd reasons like race, religion, or sexual preference.Several surveys have shown that most principals say they would indeed have the authority to fire a terrible teacher if the need arises. The other main point that â€Å"Waiting for Superman† argues about is the funding of public schools versus the funding of charter schools. Public schools are federally funded, meaning that decisions made concerning the school and its administration are made by the state, which fall under a set of federal regulations.Charter schools, however, are privately funded, originally by parents and teachers who were committed enough to start a school under their brand of administration and regulations, as time we nt on, though, more people created their own charter schools mainly for the purpose of gaining more money from applicants and showing little care for the education of students, if only to keep their charter school operating. â€Å"Waiting for Superman† has received both positive and negative reviews since its debut in September 2010. Many critics say that the film is little more than charter school propaganda.While it may seem that way, especially with all the accusations of statistical inaccuracy, the film should not be completely ignored. Davis Guggenheim has fulfilled the purpose of the movie by raising awareness about the quality of public education, and alerting the public to the mess that is the work of Teachers' Unions and theirs' and the governments' conflicting regulations. The United States government and the people of the public must work together and reform and improve the nation's education system for the benefit of their children in the short run, and for the be nefit of their nation in the long run.Works Cited Dana Goldstein. â€Å"Grading ‘Waiting for Superman'. † The Nation. 23 September 2010. The Nation. 20 September 2012. . Rick Ayers. â€Å"The Answer Sheet. † The Washington Post. 27 September 2010. The Washington Post. 20 September 2012. . fairtest. â€Å"The Real Facts About ‘Waiting for Superman'. † FairTest. 29 September 2010. n. p. 20 September 2012. .

Prosody and the Music of Speech

Prosody and the Music of Speech In phonetics, prosody (or suprasegmental phonology)  is  the use of pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm in speech to convey information about the structure and meaning of an utterance. Alternatively, in literary studies prosody is the theory and principles of versification, especially in reference to rhythm, accent and stanza. In speech as opposed to composition, there are no full stops or capital letters, no grammatical ways in which to add emphasis as in writing. Instead, speakers utilize prosody to add inflection and depth to statements and arguments, altering stress, pitch, loudness and tempo, which can then be translated into writing to achieve the same effect. Further, prosody does not rely on the sentence as a basic unit, unlike in composition, often utilizing fragments and spontaneous pauses between thoughts and ideas for emphasis. This allows more versatility of language dependent on stress and intonation. Functions of Prosody Unlike morphemes and phonemes in composition, features of prosody cannot be assigned meaning based on their use alone, rather based on usage and contextual factors to ascribe meaning to the particular utterance. Rebecca L. Damron notes in Prosodic Schemas that recent work in the field take into consideration such aspects of interaction as how prosody can signal speakers intentions in the discourse, rather than relying solely on semantics and the phrasing itself. The interplay between grammar and other situational factors, Damron posits, are intimately connected with pitch and tone, and called for a move away from describing and analyzing prosodic features as discrete units. As a result, prosody can be utilized in a number of ways, including segmentation, phrasing, stress, accentuation and phonological distinctions in tone languages - as Christophe dAlessandro puts it in Voice Source Parameters and Prosodic Analysis, a given sentence in a given context generally expresses much more than its linguistic content wherein the same sentence, with the same linguistic content may have plenty of different expressive contents or pragmatic meanings. What Determines Prosody The determining factors of these expressive contents are what help define the context and meaning of any given prosody. According to dAlessandro these include the identity of the speaker, her/his attitude, mood, ages, sex, sociolinguistic group and other extralinguistic features.   Pragmatic meaning, too, help determine the prosodys intended purpose, including the attitudes of both the speaker and audience - ranging from aggressive to submissive - as well as the relationship between the speaker and the subject matter - his or her belief, confidence or assertiveness in the field. Pitch is a great way to also determine meaning, or at least be able to ascertain the beginnings and endings of thought. David Crystal describes the relationship in Rediscover Grammar wherein he states we know whether [the thought] is complete or not by the pitch of the voice. If the pitch is rising ... there are more items to come. If it is falling ... there is nothing further to come. In any way you use it, prosody is pivotal to successful public speaking, allowing the speaker to convey a broad range of meaning in as few words as possible, relying instead on context and cues to the audience in their speech patterns.

Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions)

Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions) Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions) There are many referencing systems used in academic writing. And many of these systems look similar at first glance. But possibly the most confusing are â€Å"Chicago† and â€Å"Turabian† style referencing. How do they differ? And does it matter which one you use? Let us explain. 1. What Are Chicago and Turabian Referencing? When people refer to â€Å"Chicago referencing,† they mean the citation style set out in The Chicago Manual of Style. Sometimes known as CMoS for short, this style guide is published by the University of Chicago Press and aimed at professional scholars and publishers. â€Å"Turabian referencing,† meanwhile, refers to the citation style set out in Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. But this is actually a simplified version of the citation style in CMoS, aimed specifically at students and focused on academic writing. Style manuals published by the University of Chicago Press. 2. How Do Chicago and Turabian Differ? In practice, there are no real differences between â€Å"Chicago† and â€Å"Turabian† referencing. You can see this if you look at the examples of Turabian and Chicago book citations from the CMoS site: Chicago 1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time  (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16. Turabian 2. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25. As you can see, the format here is identical in each case. The same is true for other source types. There are some differences between the two style guides as a whole. But these simply reflect the Turabian style guide’s focus on students rather than publishers. As such, the Turabian guide: Is significantly shorter than the full CMoS due to not including information about preparing book manuscripts and journal articles for publication Contains a section on how to write and structure a research paper Features less information on grammar, spelling, and word usage Turabian is therefore much better if you are looking for specific advice on writing a college paper rather than a general style guide. 3. Which Referencing System Should I Use? The Chicago and Turabian style guides are tailored to different audiences, so you may want to use the one most suited to your needs. However, both style guides recommend the same approach to referencing sources, so it does not make a difference from this perspective. In other words, advice on how to cite a source in Chicago referencing will also apply to Turabian referencing. And advice on Turabian referencing will apply to Chicago style, too. The more important question is which version of Chicago/Turabian referencing you’re using: Notes and bibliography style, which requires referencing sources in footnotes as well as giving publication information in a bibliography. Author–date style, which uses in-text citations plus a reference list. As a general rule, footnote referencing is more common in the humanities, while author–date referencing is used in the physical and social sciences. However, make sure to check your school’s style guide or ask a professor if you are not 100% sure about which approach to use in your work.

If Crime is Normal why is so much Effort Devoted to its Control Essay

If Crime is Normal why is so much Effort Devoted to its Control - Essay Example Every human being has free will and free choice, they have the mentality to know right from wrong and they choose what path to take. This, from a sociological and psychological perspective is considered to be normal behavior in society. Thereby criminal intentions and actions are norms in the world even though they go against the very morals that societies have established. This is perhaps why law enforcement attempts to control and minimize these adversities even though they are everyday forms of existence as well. Again, even though crime is an existential part of existence, it is considered by many to be similar to a plague that has not been able to be washed away from society completely and therefore has remained for decades. Because of this many theorizations about crime have developed to analyze why it exists, why it has become something that is looked upon as normal, and what the causes of it actually are as well. Dolan, a criminological researcher, and writer (1994) claim that crime has become something so familiar in society, basically due to the classical socioeconomic causes of it. This can be traced as far back as the 15th century in England, when a crime was at times rampant and extremely violent, more so than it even is today. Crime in the 1500's took on the form of petty treason among servants and sometimes even the owners of these servants as well. From this it developed into more severe atrocities in society, sometimes becoming murder where the deceitful wife killed her husband as he slept, and even on to more dramatic forms of crime that took England by storm such as the crimes of "Jack the Ripper" (Valier 2003, pg. 34). The issues of crime in society are at times spell-binding and even terrifying as they take many forms and have the capability of taking place anywhere at any time, again placing them as a severe adversity in society, but quite normal activity among human beings all over the world.  

Managing time and stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing time and stress - Essay Example Furthermore, the report will give a 12-month implementation plan of good management. Management is an application of coordination in an organization to accomplish its mission and visions. This is necessary because the firm can attain maximum profits with minimum resources. Time management is utilizing the least time possible to achieve maximum production. Stress management is the act of a person controlling his stress level by participating in stress removal activities, like counseling. An effective management is the most important thing in the organization; it helps in time and stress management. The firm will achieve high results while the business will grow to great heights. There are many trends in management. These trends are the reasons for competitive markets in the world today. Managers put these trends into consideration and apply them in the environment of their business. Not all managers can cope with these trends because it requires efficiency. It needs management, which has a vision in its undertakings and is ready to face any risk ahead. This paper is going to highlight the current trends in management. Various characteristics define good management. This is the base for effective management. An efficient manager provides the firms visions (Birkinshaw, 2013). An employee may provide a proposal that could lead to success, and it needs the hands of the manager to implement the idea. A good manager with vision will outline the importance of the idea and guide his firm on what to do. An effective management brings clarity in the organization. They are the ones to lead by example. When a task is hard to be completed, the management has to bring in experts to help sort out the problem. Believing is important for management to be effective. They should believe in the trends that affect management and apply them in their institutions. This gives confidence to other employees, and they will work

Design (art and craft) innovation in Pakistan textile Literature review

Design (art and craft) innovation in Pakistan textile - Literature review Example The university standards in Pakistan are low and require reevaluation. By equipping the nation with skills in design and innovation especially for the textile industry. It is important that the standards be of international level. The review points out the factors that are marked in the development of an industrial field in arts and crafts. It takes a comparison in varying continents. It explains the benefits that were taken up by countries in pursuit of innovation in industrialization including social security, financial freedom, cultural identity and superior education purpose. Ahmad notes that culture was the beginning drive of the fashion world. The development of the arts and craft education system, spark a wave of industrialization. Increased production over the years was due to increase in consumption levels. The competition aspect set in and advertisement played as propellant to market reach. Fashion was then marketed to increase consumption levels and increase industry sales. They used radio, television, and now the internet. The article reviews values of art and craft as contributed by education. It analyses roles of a professional and students in the field of textile. The document notes the importance of creativity and innovation as a key tool in the field Pakistan has invested in education though to some extent still lag behind. It is important to have education systems where transfer of knowledge takes place. Practical approach to the evaluation and study of arts is a key factor for success. The incorporation of practicals and self-will to achieve desired skills is important for a student and nation at large. It has contributed to the evolution of fresh ideas while maintaining the foundation of arts and craft design. Moreover, higher institution have tried to standardise education in order to meet international levels. The current state of textile industries is

Arguments for and against GM crops Essay Example for Free

Arguments for and against GM crops Essay GM crops are genetically modified crops that have been genetically enhanced using modern biotechnology to carry one or more beneficial new traits. 1. What is the difference between GM and conventional plant breeding? Conventional plant breeding involves changing the genes of a plant so that a new and better variety is developed. New varieties of plants are bred to suit different climate conditions, improve taste or nutritional value, cope with disease or pests better, or to use water or nutrients more efficiently for example. Breeding using genetic modification (GM) also involves changing the genes of a plant so that a new and better variety is developed. It is done for the same reasons as conventional breeding. The key difference is that instead of randomly mixing genes, which occurs as a result of a sexual cross, a specific gene, which is associated with a desirable trait, is selected and inserted directly into the new plant variety. 1. What is a Pharma crops? Pharma crops are genetically engineered to produce pharmaceutical drugs. Rather than manufacturing such substances by chemical methods, the idea is to turn farmed plants into mini-factories that can mass produce medicines and other chemicals cheaply and much more efficiently. Trials of this technology have used conventional farm plants, such as maize or soya. 1. The GM supporters argue that GM crops: -Help to feed the developing world and this is a social/ economic/ political effect. This is because GM crops help increase the yield of crops for the farmers and thus benefit food distribution and benefit the country’s economy. -Are cost effective and this is social/ economic/ political effects. This is because they become more commercially available and there is wider availability. The seeds also have a resistance to disease and therefore farmers also save on insect resistance. GM crops also lower the costs of production by reducing inputs of machinery, fuel, and chemical pesticides. In addition, due to more effective pest control, crop yields are often higher. -Could benefit human health and this is related to health. This is because GM crops eradicate disease so it therefore does not create human health issues as they can repel viruses and fungi and are less toxic. -Could reduce pesticide and herbicide use and this is environmental, health, social/ economic/ political effects. This is because they have improved traits and therefore are resistant to viruses and fungi. They also increase the yield of crops and thus, do not require herbicides and so reduce costs. -Could help preserve natural habitats is environmental. This is because the efficiency gains from GM crops will place less pressure on wild or natural habitats and thereby help preserves biodiversity. In addition, Eutrophication is prevented as less fertiliser is used. The people against GM claim that: -There will not be enough to feed the world which is health and social/economic/political effects. This is because GM seeds are much more expensive than conventional seeds and therefore means the poor cannot afford them, and thus they cannot be fed. In addition the soybeans, corn, and cotton crops that are mainly produced are not crops that will help feed most of the world. -It could damage organic farmers which are social/ economical/ political effects. This is because organic farmers still spray the bt toxin on the plants whereas GM already have the bt gene encoded in the plant and therefore does not require the toxin. Therefore less people buy the organic produce and buy more of the GM produce. -It could increase herbicide and pesticide use which is environmental, health, social/ economic/ political effects. This is because even though GM plants do use fewer chemicals in the first few years, afterwards they use considerably more chemicals, as was reported in the U. S. In addition with bt corn, it required more pesticide as most pesticides are directed at other corn pests. -It could reduce biodiversity which is environmental. It can do this because it is resistant to viruses, fungi and contains toxins which therefore mean the natural environment affected as the insects and bacterium lose their food source which results in a lesser population and thus, affects the consumers like birds and so on. -It mainly benefits big biotech companies which are social/economical/ political effects. This is because they claim most of the profit for the GM seeds and these companies are also concentrating their efforts in high-volume crops, such as soybeans, corn, and cotton, and not in crops that might help feed the billions of people who live in poor countries. -It raises ethical conflicts over the control of food production which is social/ economical/ political effects. Examples of these are; 1. The possible monopolisation of the world food market by large multinational companies that control the distribution of GM seeds. 2. Using genes from animals in plant foods may pose ethical, philosophical or religious problems. For example, eating traces of genetic material from pork could be a problem for certain religious or cultural groups. 3. Animal welfare could be adversely affected. For example, cows given more potent GM growth hormones could suffer from health problems related to growth or metabolism. 4. New GM organisms could be patented so that life itself could become commercial property through patenting. Show preview only The above preview is un.

Mexico Business :: essays research papers

For simplicity, we have broken down the country of Mexico into five major regions: Northwest (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Baja California Sur), Northeast (Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas), West Coast (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Nayarit, Guerrerro, Oaxaca, Colima, Michoacan), Central (Morelos, Aguascalientes, Michoacan, Guanajuata, Hidalgo, Estado de Mexico, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, The Federal District), and South (Chiapas, Vera Cruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan). Each region is diverse in industry; some are more heavily involved in agriculture while others are most involved in high-tech manufacturing. Generally speaking the most important economic activities of all the regions include tourism, fishing, mining, agriculture/livestock, petroleum distilleries, and low/high-tech manufacturing (many maquiladoras exist along the California border). Central Mexico is the most industrialized region and accounts for almost 60% of the country ¡Ã‚ ¦s GNP. It is in this region that large multi-nationals such as Ford Motor Company, Nissan, and Texas Instruments, have chosen to establish major production plants. The implication of a country diverse in industry and culture is that there is a need for a workforce as diverse and skilled as each region ¡Ã‚ ¦s relative industries. This is one of the most challenging issues that confronts the Mexican HR manager today, especially in the turbulence of a new political party and international deregulation. As the rampant modernization continues to spread and business becomes more privatized through new political agendas, major industries such as telecommunications, energy, and manufacturing, will become a major focus of Mexican business. Although still resembling an oligopoly ruled by major players such as Telemex and Iusacell, the market scope of the Mexican telecommunications industry is expanding rapidly with the advent of cellular, satellite, and broadband, technologies. This emerging technology is the portal through which competition is entering. Globalstar de Mexico (a joint venture between Prinicipia of Mexico, S. de R.L., Loral Space & Communications, and Vodafone Airtouch) has already launched an affordable global satellite telephone service that can provide fixed service to remote locations without a fiber or cable network (1). In cellular, American Tower has entered into an agreement with Nuevo Grupo Lusacell to build 200 build-to-suit towers, and assume 400 existing towers (2). In the related networking sector, Nortel has been awarded a contract from Telefonica Data to implement a nationwide ATM network in Mexico that will offer customers basic connectivity, internet access, and hosting services (3). The major players are responding aggressively and taking actions such as those of Carlos Slim Helu (chairman of Telmex) who announced the planned investment of $4.

Cis11 Assessment 1

Safety Styles Pty Ltd Financial Information Ratios and Financial Data Profitability201020112012 Return on assets30. 2%31. 46%31. 48% Return on equity32. 62%34. 02%34. 07% Gross profit margin57. 55%57. 51%57. 93% Net profit margin16. 04%13. 90%14. 35% Efficiency Asset turnover (times)1. 882. 262. 19 Inventory turnover (days)95. 6290. 5595. 10 Accounts receivable turnover (days)50. 3742. 6645. 16 Liquidity Current ratio4. 124. 13. 91 Quick asset ratio2. 462. 452. 21 Capital Structure Gearing ratio2. 372. 62. 54 Safety Styles Pty Ltd Application Decision It would be my recommendation to grant Safety Styles their application for additional finance. Profitability: Safety Styles Pty Ltd has demonstrated in is able to generate and increase its profits as demonstrated through the healthy Gross and Net Profit Margins. It should be noted during this three year period Safety Styles Pty Ltd has maintained and increased the Gross Profit margin, Safety Styles Pty Ltd has also maintained a healthy Net Profit Margin.Although dropping slightly the second year they have managed to improve this in their third year increasing their overall profitability Safety Styles has also increased both its Return on Assets and Return on Equity, this demonstrates the ability of the company to efficiently make use of its assets and equity which ultimately reduces requirements for more funding and reduces cost making better use of what they currently have. Efficiency: Safety Styles Pty Ltd appears on average over the last three years to be improving its efficiency to make better use of their assets and turning over their inventory.Safety should also focus on this area and strive to improve their efficiency. Whilst the values may seem quiet higher their total sales amount has raised which may not be taken into account with averages. Safety Styles may need to revisit their inventory strategy as their turn over period is quite high; this would be a benefit for them in the long term by having quicke r access to cash for investment in other assets. They should also pay attention to their Accounts Receivable Turnover and aim to reduce this. Liquidity:Whilst Safety Styles Current ratio and Quick asset ratio is declined they are both still very healthy numbers. Safety Styles non-current assets have been increasing annually. They may want to pay attention to reducing their inventory levels and accounts receivable to give them more cash and the opportunity to invest into non-current assets or reduce their liabilities as they currently has a low level of cash compared to inventory and accounts receivable. This will make the company more â€Å"liquid† in the short term.Safety Styles also has a very healthy quick asset ratio compared to the industry standard of 2. It should be noted that Safety Styles currently do not have a high level of liabilities and seem to be maintaining their levels of dent in relation to their assets Capital Structure: Safety Styles currently have a very low gearing ratio and are using retained earnings for most of their financing. External sources of financing will be a benefit to Safety Styles to help them grow and invest in additional non-current assets. Executive SummarySafety Styles appear to be utilizing their assets and equity very well currently to help produce their profit and maintain both healthy gross and net profit. If this is maintained they should be able to repay their long term liabilities and possibly improve their current asset liquidity. ? Appendix Formulas †¢Return on Assets = (Net profit before interest and taxation / Average total assets) x 100 †¢Return on Equity = (Net profit after tax and preference dividends / average ordinary shareholder’s funds) x 100 †¢Gross Profit Margin = (Gross profit / sales) x 100 Net Profit Margin = (Net profit before interest and taxation / sales) x 100 †¢Asset Turnover Ratio = ( Sales / Average Total Assets) †¢Inventory Turnover = (Average inventor y / cost of sales) x 365 †¢Accounts Receivable Turnover = (Average accounts receivable / credit sales) x 365 †¢Current Ratio = (Current assets / current liabilities) †¢Quick Asset Ratio = (Current assets (excluding Inventory and prepayments) / current liabilities) †¢Gearing Ratio = (Long-term liabilities / share capital + reserves + long-term liabilities) x 100 Ratio definitions †¢Return on Assets The Return on Assets (ROA) demonstrates how effectively a company is using its assets to generate profit. The higher the ROA the better as the company is earning more off less investment †¢Return on Equity oThe Return on Equity (ROE) demonstrates the amount of net profit generated as a percentage of the shareholders equity. A higher ROE is better as it displays how much profit is generated based on shareholder investment. †¢Gross Profit Margin oThe Gross Profit Margin (GPM) is used to display the percentage difference between sales and the cost of sales b efore any other costs are factored in.A higher GPM is better as the company is making a higher profit off its sales †¢Net Profit Margin oThe Net Profit Margin (NPM) is used to display the net profit as a percentage of the revenue generated. A higher NPM is better as it indicates a more profitable company and how effective a company is at controlling its costs †¢Asset Turnover Ratio oThe Asset turnover Ratio (ATR) displays how well a business can use its assets in generating sales or revenue. A higher ATR is better as it demonstrates the amount of dollars generated by one dollar of the company's assets †¢Inventory Turnover The Inventory Turnover formula display how often the company sells and replaces its inventory. A low Inventory turnover is preferred as this means cash is not being held in inventory, is producing more revenue and has access to an ongoing source of cash †¢Accounts Receivable Turnover oThe Accounts Receivable turnover displays the average settlem ent period (days) credit purchased are settled by the customer. A shorter average settlement period is preferred as this means funds are not tied up and can be †¢Current Ratio This ratio is compares a company’s current assets and current liabilities to measure the liquidity. A higher ratio is preferred as it generally means the business can meet their commitments †¢Quick Asset Ratio oThe Quick Asset Ratio (QAR) also known as the â€Å"Acid Test Ratio† measures if a company can meet its short term liabilities with its current assets less its inventory as you can’t always rely on inventory to be converted into cash quickly. A higher ratio means the company is in a better position †¢Gearing Ratio The Gearing Ratio (GR) measures how much capital is financed by long term finance. A high gearing ratio means a company will depend of long term loans, a low gearing ratio displays higher reliance on financing through equity investment. Typically a high leve l of gearing means a higher level of risk for the company. Ratio Calculations †¢Return on Assets o2010 – (647 / ((2122 + 2163) /2)) x 100 o2011 – (685 / ((2233 + 2122) /2)) x 100 o2012 – (712 / ((2291 + 2233) /2)) x 100 †¢Return on Equity o2010 – (585 / ((1774 + 1813) /2)) x 100 2011 – (619 / ((1865 + 1774) /2)) x 100 o2012 – (644 / ((1916 + 1865) /2)) x 100 †¢Gross Profit Margin o2010 – (2321 / 4033) x 100 o2011 – (2834 / 4928) x 100 o2012 – (2875 / 4963) x 100 †¢Net Profit Margin o2010 – (647 / 4033) x 100 o2011 – (685 / 4928) x 100 o2012 – (712 / 4963) x 100 †¢Asset Turnover Ratio o2010 – (4033 / ((2122 + 2163) / 2)) o2011 – (4928 / ((2233 + 2122) / 2)) o2012 – (4963 / ((2291 + 2233) / 2)) †¢Inventory Turnover o2010 – (((((216 + 175) + (223 + 283)) / 2) / 1712) x 365) o2011 – (((((235 + 298) + (223 + 283)) / 2) / 2094) X 365) 2012 â €“ (((((235 + 298) + (230 + 325)) / 2) / 2088) X 365) †¢Accounts Receivable Turnover o2010 – ((((561 + 552) / 2) / 4033) x 365) o2011 – ((((561 + 591) / 2) / 4928) x 365) o2012 – ((((637 + 591) / 2) / 4963) x 365) †¢Current Ratio o2010 – (1257 / 305) o2011 – (1324 / 323) o2012 – (1272 / 325) †¢Quick Asset Ratio o2010 – (((1257 – (223 + 283)) / 305) o2011 – (((1324 – (235 + 298)) / 323) o2012 – (((1272 – (230 + 325)) / 325) †¢Gearing Ratio o2010 – (((43 / (70 + 1704 + 43)) x 100) o2011 – (((45 / (70 + 1795 + 45)) x 100) o2012 – (((50 / (70 + 1846+ 50)) x 100)